<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">radiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Радиология — практика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Radiology - Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2713-0118</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт лучевой диагностики</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52560/2713-0118-2025-5-60-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">radiology-768</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОДОЛЖЕННОЕ МЕДИЦИНСКОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение технологий искусственного интеллекта и программного обеспечения для измерения объема камней по данным компьютерной томографии у пациентов с мочекаменной болезнью: обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Software for Measuring the Stones’ Volume According to Computed Tomography in Patients with Urolithiasis (Literature Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2617-0089</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варюхина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varjuhina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Варюхина Дарья Антоновна, врач-рентгенолог, аспирант, ассистент кафедры лучевой диагностики им. проф. Н. Е. Штерна</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Varjuhina Dar'ja Antonovna, radiologist, postgraduate student, assistant at the department of radiation diagnostics named after professor N. E. Stern </p><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">das4118@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4507-9456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чехонацкая</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chehonackaja</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чехонацкая Марина Леонидовна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, врач ультразвуковой диагностики, заведующая кафедрой лучевой диагностики им. проф. Н. Е. Штерна </p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chehonackaja Marina Leonidovna, D. Sc., ultrasound diagnostics doctor, professor, head of the department of radiation diagnostics named after prof. N. E. Stern</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2477-0790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondrat'eva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кондратьева Ольга Алексеевна, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-рентгенолог, доцент кафедры лучевой диагностики им. проф. Н. Е. Штерна </p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kondrat'eva Ol'ga Alekseevna, Ph.D. in Medicine, radiologist, associate professor of the department of radiation diagnostics named after prof. N.E. Stern</p><p>Saratov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1350-2566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобылев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobylev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бобылев Дмитрий Александрович, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-рентгенолог, доцент кафедры лучевой диагностики им. проф. Н. Е. Штерна</p><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bobylev Dmitrij Aleksandrovich, Ph.D. in Medicine, radiologist, associate professor of the department of radiation diagnostics named after prof. N. E. Stern </p><p>Saratov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6855-9121</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чехонацкий</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chehonackij</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чехонацкий Илья Андреевич, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-уролог, ассистент кафедры урологии и хирургической андрологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chehonackij Il'ja Andreevich, Ph. D. in Medicine, urologist, assistant at the department of urology and surgical andrology </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский ГМУ им. В. И. Разумовского» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО РМАНПО Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Варюхина Д.А., Чехонацкая М.Л., Кондратьева О.А., Бобылев Д.А., Чехонацкий И.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Варюхина Д.А., Чехонацкая М.Л., Кондратьева О.А., Бобылев Д.А., Чехонацкий И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Varjuhina D.A., Chehonackaja M.L., Kondrat'eva O.A., Bobylev D.A., Chehonackij I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.radp.ru/jour/article/view/768">https://www.radp.ru/jour/article/view/768</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Выбор метода хирургического лечения и прогноз его эффективности при мочекаменной болезни зависит от МСКТ-характеристик камня: локализации, размера, плотности. В литературе в качестве перспективного предиктора успешности оперативного вмешательства предлагается доступный к оценке КТ-параметр конкремента – его объем. В настоящем исследовании рассматриваются подходы к волюметрии камней мочевыводящей системы с помощью программного обеспечения, искусственного интеллекта.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Изучены наиболее релевантные и цитируемые исследования, фундаментальные работы по автоматизированному определению объема конкремента, актуальные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению МКБ, размещенные в научных базах данных в открытом доступе.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проанализированы современные подходы к автоматизированной волюметрии конкрементов почек, мочеточников, продемонстрирована практическая значимость результатов измерения литообъема программным обеспечением, алгоритмами искусственного интеллекта.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Автоматизированные методы волюметрии камней мочевыделительной системы по данным компьютерной томографии превосходят по точности результаты калькуляции литообъема врачом-рентгенологом. Использование программного обеспечения, методов искусственного интеллекта позволяет повысить диагностическую точность и воспроизводимость измерений у пациентов с уролитиазом, оптимизировать работу отделений лучевой диагностики.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The choice of surgical treatment method and the prognosis of its effectiveness in urolithiasis depends on the MSCT characteristics of the stone: localization, size, density. In the literature, a CT parameter of a concretion, its volume, is proposed as a promising predictor of the success of surgical intervention. This study examines approaches to volumetry of urinary stones using software and artificial intelligence.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The most relevant and cited studies, fundamental work on the automated determination of the volume of concretion, current clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of ICD, posted in scientifi databases in the public domain, have been studied.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Modern approaches to automated volumetry of kidney and ureter calculi are analyzed, and the practical significance of the results of measuring lithological volume by software and artificial intelligence algorithms is demonstrated.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Automated methods of volumetry of urinary stones according to computed tomography exceed the accuracy of the results of the calculation of the lithological volume by a radiologist. The use of software and artificial intelligence methods can improve the diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of measurements in patients with urolithiasis, and optimize the work of radiation diagnostics departments.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>уролитиаз</kwd><kwd>объем</kwd><kwd>камень</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Urolithiasis</kwd><kwd>Volume</kwd><kwd>Stone</kwd><kwd>Computed tomography</kwd><kwd>Artificial Intelligence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пранович А.А., Исмаилов А.К., Карельская Н.А., Костин А.А., Кармазановский Г.Г., Грицкевич А.А. Искусственный интеллект в диагностике и лечении мочекаменной болезни // Российский журнал телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения. 2022. № 8 (1). С. 42-57. https://doi.org/10.29188/2712-9217-2022-8-1-42-57</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pranovich A. A., Ismailov A. K., Karelskaya N. A., Kostin A. A., Karmazanovsky G. G., Gritskevich A. A. Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney stone disease. Russian Journal of Telemedicine and E-Health. 2022;8(1)42-57. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.29188/2712-9217-2022-8-1-4257</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации. Мочекаменная болезнь: МКБ 10: N20: клинические рекомендации. Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Профессиональные ассоциации. Российское общество урологов, 2024. Текст: электронный // Рубрикатор клинических рекомендаций МЗ РФ [https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru]. URL: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/7_2 (дата обращения: 02.06.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klinicheskie rekomendacii. Mochekamennaja bolezn': MKB 10: N20: klinicheskie rekomendacii. Ministerstvo zdravoohranenija Rossijskoj Federacii, Professional'nye associacii. Rossijskoe obshhestvo urologov, 2024. Tekst: jelektronnyj. Rubrikator klinicheskih rekomendacij MZ RF [https://cr.minzdrav. gov.ru]. URL: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/view-cr/7_2 (date of application: 02.06.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Babajide R., Lembrikova K., Ziemba J., Ding J., Li Y., Fermin A.S., Fan Y., Tasian G.E. Automated Machine Learning Segmentation and Measurement of Urinary Stones on CT Scan. Urology. 2022;169:41-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2022.07.029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babajide R., Lembrikova K., Ziemba J., Ding J., Li Y., Fermin A. S., Fan Y., Tasian G. E. Automated Machine Learning Segmentation and Measurement of Urinary Stones on CT Scan. Urology. 2022;169:41-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.20 22.07.029</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bell J. R., Posielski N. M., Penniston K. L., Lubner M. G., Nakada S. Y., Pickhardt P. J. Automated Computer Software Compared with Manual Measurements for CT-Based Urinary Stone Metrics: An Evaluation Study. J Endourol. 2018;32(5):455-461. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2017.0787</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bell J. R., Posielski N. M., Penniston K. L., Lubner M. G., Nakada S. Y., Pickhardt P. J. Automated Computer Software Compared with Manual Measurements for CT-Based Urinary Stone Metrics: An Evaluation Study. J. Endourol. 2018; 32(5):455-461. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2017.0787</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cumpanas A. D., Morgan K. L., Chantaduly C., Bhatt R., Gorgen A. R. H, Rojhani A, McCormac A., Tran C. M., Piedras P., Lavasani S. A., Peta A., Brevick A., Xie L., Karani R., Tano Z. E., Ali S. N., Jiang P., Patel R. M., Landman J., Chang P., Clayman R. V. MP09-11 The Application of Artificial Intelligence for Renal Stone Volume Determination: Ready for Prime Time? Journal of Urology. 2023;209(4):108. https://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003224.11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cumpanas A. D., Morgan K. L., Chantaduly C., Bhatt R., Gorgen A. R. H., Rojhani A., McCormac A., Tran C. M., Piedras P., Lavasani S. A., Peta A., Brevick A., Xie L., Karani R., Tano Z. E., Ali S. N., Jiang P., Patel R. M., Landman J., Chang P., Clayman R. V. MP09-11. The Application of Artificial Intelligence for Renal Stone Volume Determination: Ready for Prime Time? Journal of Urology. 2023;209(4):108. https://doi.org/10.109 7/JU.0000000000003224.11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cumpanas A. D., Chantaduly C., Morgan K.L., Shao W., Gorgen A. R. H., Tran C. M., Wu Y. X., McCormac A., Tano Z. E., Patel R. M., Chang P., Landman J., Clayman R. V. Efficient and Accurate Computed Tomography-Based Stone Volume Determination: Development of an Automated Artificial Intelligence Algorithm. J Urol. 2024;211(2):256-265. https://doi.org/10.1097/ju.0000000000003766</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cumpanas A. D., Chantaduly C., Morgan K. L., Shao W., Gorgen A. R. H., Tran C. M., Wu Y. X., McCormac A., Tano Z. E., Patel R. M., Chang P., Landman J., Clayman R. V. Efficient and Accurate Computed Tomography-Based Stone Volume Determination: Development of an Automated Artifi Intelligence Algorithm. J. Urol. 2024;211(2):256-265. https://doi.org/10.1097/ju.0000000000003766</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duan X., Wang J., Qu M., Leng S., Liu Y., Krambeck A., McCollough C. Kidney stone volume estimation from computerized tomography images using a model based method of correcting for the point spread function. J Urol. 2012 Sep;188(3):989-95. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.04.098</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duan X., Wang J., Qu M., Leng S., Liu Y., Krambeck A., McCollough C. Kidney stone volume estimation from computerized tomography images using a model based method of correcting for the point spread function. J. Urol. 2012 Sep;188(3):989-95. https://doi.org/10.10 16/j.juro.2012.04.098</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elton D. C., Turkbey E. B., Pickhardt P. J., Summers R. M. A Deep Learning System for Automated Kidney Stone Detection and Volumetric Segmentation on Noncontrast CT Scans. Med Phys. 2022;49(4):2545-2554. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.15518</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elton D. C., Turkbey E. B., Pickhardt P. J., Summers R. M. A Deep Learning System for Automated Kidney Stone Detection and Volumetric Segmentation on Noncontrast CT Scans. Med Phys. 2022;49(4):2545-2554. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.15518</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geraghty R., Pietropaolo A., Tzelves L., Lombardo R., Jung H., Neisius A., Petrik A., Somani B. K., Davis N. F., Gambaro G., Boissier R., Skolarikos A., Tailly T. Which Measure of Stone Burden is the Best Predictor of Interventional Outcomes in Urolithiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis by the YAU Urolithiasis Working Group and EAU Urolithiasis Guidelines Panel. Eur Urol Open Sci. 2024 Nov 22;71:22-30. doi: 10.1016/j.euros.2024.10.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geraghty R., Pietropaolo A., Tzelves L., Lombardo R., Jung H., Neisius A., Petrik A., Somani B. K., Davis N. F., Gambaro G., Boissier R., Skolarikos A., Tailly T. Which Measure of Stone Burden is the Best Predictor of Interventional Outcomes in Urolithiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis by the YAU Urolithiasis Working Group and EAU Urolithiasis Guidelines Panel. Eur. Urol Open Sci. 2024 Nov 22;71:22-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2024.10.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim J., Kwak C. W., Uhmn S., Lee J., Yoo S., Cho M. C., Son H., Jeong H., Choo M. S. A Novel Deep Learning-based Artificial Intelligence System for Interpreting Urolithiasis in Computed Tomography. Eur Urol Focus. 2024;10(6):1049-1054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2024.07.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim J., Kwak C. W., Uhmn S., Lee J., Yoo S., Cho M. C., Son H., Jeong H., Choo M. S. A Novel Deep Learning-based Artificial Intelligence System for Interpreting Urolithiasis in Computed Tomography. Eur. Urol. Focus. 2024;10(6):1049-1054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2024.07.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merigot de Treigny O., Bou Nasr E., Almont T., Tack I., Rischmann P., Soulié M., Huyghe E. The Cumulated Stone Diameter: A Limited Tool for Stone Burden Estimation. Urology. 2015;86(3):477-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2015.06.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merigot de Treigny O., Bou Nasr E., Almont T., Tack I., Rischmann P., Soulié M., Huyghe E. The Cumulated Stone Diameter: A Limited Tool for Stone Burden Estimation. Urology. 2015;86(3): 477-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2015.06.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morgan K. L., Bhatt R., Soltanzadeh Zarandi S., Vo K., Vu M. C., Piedras P., Peta A., Brevik A., Karani R., Xie L., Jiang P., Ali S., Patel R. M., Landman J., Clayman R. V. MP33-02 Automated stone volume determination: training an artificially intelligent algorithm to segment kidney stones on ct and calculate 3d volume. Journal of Urology. 2022;207(Supplement 5):e569.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgan K. L., Bhatt R., Soltanzadeh Zarandi S., Vo K., Vu M. C., Piedras P., Peta A., Brevik A., Karani R., Xie L., Jiang P., Ali S., Patel R. M., Landman J., Clayman R. V. MP33-02. Automated stone volume determination: training an artificially intelligent algorithm to segment kidney stones on ct and calculate 3d volume. J. of Urology. 2022;207(Supplement 5):e569.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel S. R., Stanton P., Zelinski N., Borman E. J., Pozniak M. A., Nakada S. Y., Pickhardt P. J. Automated Renal Stone Volume Measurement by Noncontrast Computerized Tomography is More Reproducible Than Manual Linear Size Measurement. The Journal of Urology. 2011; 186(6):2275–2279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.07.091</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel S. R., Stanton P., Zelinski N., Borman E. J., Pozniak M. A., Nakada S. Y., Pickhardt P. J. Automated Renal Stone Volume Measurement by Noncontrast Computerized Tomography is More Reproducible Than Manual Linear Size Measurement. The J. of Urology. 2011;186(6): 2275–2279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.07.091</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skolarikos A., Neisius A., Petřík A., Somani B., Thomas K., Gambaro G., et al. EAU Guidelines. Edn. presented at the EAU Annual Congress Madrid 2025. Text: electronic // European Association of Urology [https://uroweb.org]. URL: https://d56bochluxqnz.cloudfront.net/documents/full-guideline/EAU-Guidelines-on-Urolithiasis-2025.pdf (дата обращения: 25.05.2025). ISBN 978-94-92671-29-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skolarikos A., Jung H., Neisius A., Petřík A., Kamphius G. M., Davis N. F., Somani B., Tailly T., Lardas M., Gambaro G., Sayer J.A. EAU Guidelines. Edn. presented at the EAU Annual Congress Madrid 2025. Text: electronic. European Association of Urology [https://uroweb.org]. URL: https://d56bochluxqnz.cloudfront.net/documents/full-guideline/EAUGuidelines-on-Urolithiasis-2025.pdf (дата обращения: 25.05.2025). ISBN 978-94-92671-29-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang K., Ge J., Han W., Wang D., Zhao Y., Shen Y., Chen J., Chen D., Wu J., Shen N., Zhu S., Xue B., Xu X. Risk factors for kidney stone disease recurrence: a comprehensive meta-analysis. BMC Urol. 2022 Apr 19;22(1):62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-022-01017-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang K., Ge J., Han W., Wang D., Zhao Y., Shen Y., Chen J., Chen D., Wu J., Shen N., Zhu S., Xue B., Xu X. Risk factors for kidney stone disease recurrence: a comprehensive meta-analysis. BMC Urol. 2022 Apr 19;22(1):62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-022-01017-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilhelm K., Miernik A., Hein S., Schlager D., Adams F., Benndorf M., Fritz B., Langer M., Hesse A., Schoenthaler M., Neubauer J. Validating Automated Kidney Stone Volumetry in CT and Mathematical Correlation with Estimated Stone Volume Based on Diameter. J Endourol. 2018;32(7):659-66. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2018.0058</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilhelm K., Miernik A., Hein S., Schlager D., Adams F., Benndorf M., Fritz B., Langer M., Hesse A., Schoenthaler M., Neubauer J. Validating Automated Kidney Stone Volumetry in CT and Mathematical Correlation with Estimated Stone Volume Based on Diameter. J. Endourol. 2018; 32(7):659-66. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2018.0058</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zi H., Liu M. Y., Luo L. S., Huang Q., Luo P. C., Luan H. H., Huang J., Wang D. Q., Wang Y. B., Zhang Y. Y., Yu R. P., Li Y. T., Zheng H., Liu T. Z., Fan Y., Zeng X. T. Global burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary tract infections, urolithiasis, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, and prostate cancer from 1990 to 2021. Mil Med Res. 2024 Sep 18;11(1):64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-024-00569-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zi H., Liu M. Y., Luo L. S., Huang Q., Luo P. C., Luan H. H., Huang J., Wang D. Q., Wang Y. B., Zhang Y. Y., Yu R. P., Li Y. T., Zheng H., Liu T. Z., Fan Y., Zeng X. T. Global burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary tract infections, urolithiasis, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, and prostate cancer from 1990 to 2021. Mil Med Res. 2024 Sep 18;11(1):64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-024-00569-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
