Эхокардиографическая оценка кардиомиопатии в педиатрической онкологии, связанной с повышенным сердечным выбросом вследствие влияния опухолевого процесса: феохромоцитома/параганглиома, нейробластома (обзор литературы с клиническими наблюдениями)

Состояние повышенного сердечного выброса — это состояние, при котором в ответ на разные патологические причины происходит патологическая активация ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой и симпатоадреналовой систем, что в целом создает разностороннюю повышенную нагрузку на сердце, приводя в итоге к сердечной недостаточности. Причиной данного состояния могут быть артериовенозные патологические шунты, среди которых отдельное место занимают артериовенозные дуральные фистулы при гломусных опухолях (внутричерепные параганглиомы). Артериовенозная фистула — прямое соединение между артерией и веной в обход капиллярного русла, создающее массивный сброс из системы высокого давления в систему низкого давления, что запускает патофизиологическую цепь. Кроме этого, активация ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой и симпатоадреналовой систем и прямое повреждение миокарда может быть вызвано повышенным уровнем катехоламинов в крови при надпочечниковой параганглиоме (феохромоцитома) и нейробластоме. Состояние повышенного сердечного выброса в литературе чаще освещается на примерах клинических случаев у взрослых, при этом в педиатрической практике литературных данных значительно меньше.

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