Modern View on Hemodynamic Parameters in Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis (Literature Review)

Abstract

The social and economic importance of the chronic kidney disease at the terminal stage is caused by expensive methods of treatment, number of hemodialysis patients that increases annually and the fact that most of them are of working-age. The most prefered vascular access for hemodialysis is the arteriovenous fistula, however its dysfunction occurs at more than 30 % of cases. Adequate long-term fistula functioning depends on its successful maturation, early diagnostics and elimination of vascular access possible complications. The main diagnostic method of the arteriovenous fistula dysfunction is duplex ultrasound that allows to determine diameters, the walls condition and vessels lumen, access flow, to reveal such complications as stenosis of the inflow artery, anastomosis zone and outflow vein, fistula thrombosis, hand ischemia syndrome. Ultrasound diagnostics of vascular access complications allows to provide its early correction that increases duration of fistula adequate functioning.