Purpose of the study is investigation of the possibilities of Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography (PET-CT) with different radiopharmaceuticals in non-invasive differential diagnosis of primary high grade gliomas. 18 patients, 11 with glioblastoma (GB) and 7 with anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), were examined before surgery with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PET-CT with 11С-methionine (MET) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). The analysis was carried out according to the standardized uptake value (SUV) in the tumor and healthy brain tissue, and tumor to normal (T/N) ratio. AA and GB groups are significantly different in T/N ratio for 11C-MET (1,62 ± 0,71 in AA versus 3,97 ±1,04 in GB, p < 0,001), and for 18F-FDG (0,64 ± 0,11 in AA versus 1,25 ± 0,66 in GB, p = 0,02). Levels of accumulation of 11C-MET and 18F-FDG in intact brain tissue correlate with each other (value of R2 = 0,61). The areas of high accumulation of two radiopharmaceuticals in the tumor stroma do not coincide. Our study demonstrated that the accumulation of 18F-FDG and 11C-methionine in HGG significantly depends on tumor grade. To improve practical value of this study patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (Gr III), which are metabolically similar to GB, must be added to the comparison group.

In the current work, we used MAGiC (Magnetic Resonance Image Compilation) method to study brain relaxometric values (T1, T2, proton density) in normal-appearing gray and white matter of 40 volunteers aged 24 to 59 years. Healthy patients and patients with microvascular lesions were enrolled. The study revealed differences between supratentorial and infratentorial regions of interest in both white and gray matter which may be related to different myelination of these regions. For frontal white matter, age-related increase in T1 and T2 was shown. We also demonstrated hippocampal T1 decrease with ageing. These changes may be linked to structural and metabolic changes. In further analysis, differences in relaxometric values between right and left hemispheres were found which may be due to increased myelination of cortex and white matter of the dominant hemisphere.

Obstructive hydrocephalus develops due to the occlusion of CSF spaces in the ventricular system. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is the main surgical method of obstructive hydrocephalus treatment Magnetic resonance imaging, and in particular three-dimensional sequences and phase-contrast imaging can play a critical role in the preoperative and postoperative assessment of obstructive hydroce-phalus.

Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is a rare type of trans-synaptic neuronal degeneration caused by a lesion in the dentatorubroolivary tract. The article presents 1 clinical cases of hypertrophic olivary degeneration in patient with traumatic brain injury who was treated at N. N. Burdenko Neurosurgery Center, as well as aspects of differential diagnosis of HOD with other pathological conditions (multiple sclerosis, low grade gliomas, ischemic brain stem infarction, Wallerian degeneration and radiation necrosis).

Cerebellar dysplastic gangliocytoma (Lhermitt - Duclos disease) is a rare disease of unclear etiology. The exact nature of the lesion isn’t fully defined, and describes in the literature as hypertrophy, hamartoma or benign neoplasm. The disease is part of the hereditary multiple hamartoma syndrome (Cowden syndrome). This article discusses a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis of Lhermitt - Duclos disease using anatomical and functional imaging methods on the example of one clinical case.