Evaluation of the apparent fat fraction (FF) changes in patients at different stages of leukemia treatment compared with children without hematological disorders.  The study included 24 healthy volunteers (control group), 40 patients with leukemia: 20 in the acute phase of the disease and 20 patients after chemotherapy in hematopoietic aplasia.  Four regions of interest were chosen in size of 150 mm²: in the body of the right and left iliac bones, as well as in the bodies of L4 and L5 vertebras. FF significantly changes in patients with leukemia regarding the control group. Quantitative MRI images is a new method for assessing changes in the bone marrow of children with leukemia.

The article presents the possibilities of MRI in assessing spinal deformities responsible for neurological symptoms, as well as for detecting pathological changes in the spinal cord in 35 patients with achondroplasia. An analysis of the MRI semiotics of pathological changes in the spine in patients with achondroplasia indicates their extreme polymorphism and varying degrees of severity. Anatomical deviations from the norm in the structure of the spine of patients with achondroplasia include more than 15 manifestations, the frequency of which is different and ranges from 17 to 100 % in the examined patients. Changes associated with etiological causes predominate, dystrophic changes are much less common in patients aged 15-18 years.

Torsion of omental lymphangioma is a extremely rarity, the echographic picture is nonspecific (thin–walled cystic formation) and the diagnosis in the vast majority of cases is made only intraoperatively. It is almost never possible to reliably visualize actually torsion in the form of a whirlpool-sign. The article presents our own observation of the torsion of lymphangioma of the greater omentum in a 2-year-old girl. The onset of the disease was associated with the occurrence of intestinal intussusception, during the diagnosis of which, as a «random finding», a cystic formation of the abdominal cavity was revealed. The child underwent repeated ultrasound and CT scans, which made it possible to reliably visualize the torsion of the cystic formation. The final diagnosis was made intraoperatively. The clinical observation is illustrated by ultrasound and radiologic scans and intraoperative images. The publication is supplemented with a brief review of the literature.

The article provides a brief review of the literature on the diagnosis and management tactics of children with abdominal abscesses. A study of the literature has shown that open methods of treating abdominal abscesses are still the most common in children’s practice, although puncturedrainage techniques have obvious advantages. This publication presents an analysis of the results of five years of experience in the treatment of children with abdominal abscesses using minimally invasive technologies. A unique clinical case of multiple abdominal abscesses in a 10-year-old child undergoing outpatient treatment for gastroduodenitis without an effect is described in detail. During hospitalization, an ultrasound examination (ultrasound) was performed, multiple abscesses of the abdominal cavity of various localization and sizes were found. The method of percutaneous minimally invasive surgical intervention under ultrasound control was chosen as the treatment tactic. The above observation shows the wide possibilities of ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal abscesses in children.

Testicular ischemia is the most serious complication of acute pathology of the scrotum, the etiopathogenesis of which is quite diverse and still remains an urgent issue for discussion. The most well-known cause of testicular ischemia is testicular torsion. All other variants are found casually rarely (orchoepididymitis, incarcerated inguinal-scrotal hernia, thrombosis of the veins of the pampiniform plexus, etc.). This paper presents clinical observations of acute testicular ischemia of various etiologies, illustrated with echographic scans and intraoperative images. The publication is supplemented with a brief review of the literature.

Mucormycosis is a rare invasive fungal infection most commonly seen in patients with oncological and hematological diseases, when receiving chemotherapy treatment especially in the neutropenic phase. Early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment are extremely important to improve the prognosis and survival of the patient.

In this article, we present a clinical case of a very rare variant of disseminated mucormycosis with involvement of the spleen and mediastinum in a 21-month-old child due to Lichtheimia spp.