The incidence of sinus thrombosis (CSVT) in neonates is unknown and varies between 0,4-0,7 cases per 100 000 children per year according to different authors, and more than 40 % of childhood CSVT occurs within the neonatal period. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibilities of neurosonography in the detection of CSVT in children of the first months of life. In this study 106 cases of CSVT were collected in 57 infants the half of whom was the first 14 days of life. The prematurity of 2-3d degrees took placein 33 % of cases, the metabolic and/or hematological diseases themselves were confirmed in a small percentage of patients - 6/57 (10,5 %).The abnormality of the cerebral vascular bed took place in 1 case - a giant arteriovenous dural malformation. Surgical interventions that preceded the detection of CSVT underwent 32/57 (61 %) patients. In 70 % of patients there were significant associated brain lesions, predominantly hemorrhagic. The main technical methods of scanning aimed at visualization of sinuses are determined, the variants of sonographic visualization of CSVT of different localization are presented.The sonographic dynamics of CSVT has been traced (the tendency to spontaneous lysis of CSVT in 2-6 weeks). The article is widely illustrated, accompanied by a review of the literature.

Breast cancer is a socially significant medical problem all over the world. Optimal treatment plan requires precise staging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have made significant progress in recent decades, being clinically significant for various stages of the oncological process. MRI of the breast provides high diagnostic accuracy for local tumor evaluation. Whole-body DWI allows to identify distant metastases. On the other hand, PET with 18F-FDG, combined with computed tomography (CT), also has high diagnostic properties in the detection of distant metastases. PET/MRI is a rapidly developing technology, the use of which is justified when it is necessary to simultaneously obtain data on the local status of the tumor and its metabolic activity. However, more clinical data is now required to demonstrate the benefits of simultaneous data collection. The optimization of the PET/MRI protocols in breast cancer continues, which will increase the diagnostic accuracy. This review focuses on the current state of art in the field of using MRI and 18F-FDG PET in the diagnosis of breast cancer, ways to develop the method and potential applications in the future.

Cystic adventitial disease is a rare cause of unilateral intermittent claudication of unknown aetiology, which is characterized by the formation of multiple mucin-filled cysts in the adventitial layer of the arterial wall resulting in obstruction to blood flow. The disease predominantly presents in young otherwise healthy males and most commonly affects the popliteal artery (85 % of cases). Cystic adventitial degeneration can be diagnosed by duplex ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, or computed tomographic angiography. Surgery is the primary mode of treatment, including replacement of the affected vascular segment by venous or synthetic interposition graft. Alternatively, the cysts can be drained by percutaneous ultrasound-guided needle aspiration. We conducted a literature review of the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of this uncommon condition and present the case report.

Thrombosis in the portal vein system - is a rare pathological condition that occurs asymptomatically or is accompanied by a nonspecific clinical symptoms, depending on the form of the thrombosis (acute or chronic), its localization, prevalence and compensatory possibilities of the organism. In some cases, thrombosis in the portal system can lead to the development of mesenteric ischemia and intestinal infarction. The publication presents a clinical case of thrombosis in the portal vein system complicated by a small intestine infarction in a patient with factor V mutation and pancreatitis. The possibilities of multidetector computed tomography with intravenous bolus contrast in the diagnosis of this rare pathology are demonstrated.

Diagnosis of the epifisiolysis in newborns is extremely difficult due to the low information of the traditional X-ray study because ossification of the epiphysis does not occur. This publication presents our own observation of the distal epiphysiolysis of the femur in an extremely prenature baby, shows the possibilities of the ultrasound method of examination in the visualization of the lesion. For compare, the results of ultrasound for distal metaepiphyseal osteomyelitis of the femur in a newborn are presented.