Changes in Hemodynamic Parameters in Various Morphological Changes in the Kidney Transplant in Children

Abstract

Ultrasound scanning is one of the main methods of instrumental examination of patients after allogenic transplantation of kidney. The main reasons of dysfunction of the kidney transplant in long posttransplantation term are acute or chronic rejection, as well as acute and chronic nephrotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors. The study includes an analysis of the medical history of 130 children with end-stage chronic renal failure who underwent 130 allogeneic kidney transplants from a posthumous donor. There were analyzed the results of 231 percutaneous puncture biopsies and ultrasound studies of renal transplants. The analyzed data of morphological studies are divided into 4 groups:

1st group — there are no morphological changes affecting graft function;

2nd group — morphological signs of calcineurin toxicity;

3rd group — borderline damage of the graft;

4th group — acute and chronic graft rejection;

5th group — non-specific tubulointerstitial sclerosis and tubular atrophy.

Indices of resistance and pulsation measured at the level of the renal artery and interlobular arteries tended to decrease in the kidneys with immunological influence and remained stable in other morphological groups. This means that, the higher the degree of hyalinosis of the arteries, the lower the indices of resistance and pulsation indices measured at the level of the common renal artery and interlobular arteries. The revealed tendency of a decrease in the values of the resistance index and the pulsation index at the level of the common renal artery of the interlobular arteries can be considered as one of the initial ultrasound signs that allow to speak of a decrease in the elasticity of the vascular wall. Normal indices of renal hemodynamics do not exclude the presence of pathological processes leading to graft dysfunction.