Aim. To determine the radiological semiotics of totally necrotic nephroblastoma.

Materialsand Methods. Thestudyincluded 12 patientswithtotallynecroticnephroblastoma who underwent contrast-enhanced MSCT after specific therapy. Fractional enhancement contrast values were measured at a random tumor site. Radiological diagnostic data and pathological anatomy were compared.

Results. The values of the contrast enhancement fraction were determined, which amounted to 0.026 (2.6 %) for the arterial phase and 0.121 (12.1 %) for the venous phase.

Conclusion. Totally necrotic nephroblastoma, both histologically and radiologically, have a homologous structure, do not significantly accumulate contrast agent, may have a capsule and septa.

Aim of the study. To determine the role and potential of perfusion computed tomography in predictive assessment of the severity of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis.

Materialsandmethods. A comparison was made of two groups of patients, a total of 95 people, who underwent pCT on the first and second days after the manifestation of acute pancreatitis caused by the influence of alimentary and biliary factors, as well as coronavirus infection.

Results. This article presents the developed algorithm for predictive assessment of the severity of acute pancreatitis based on perfusion CT (pCT) data. The algorithm includes a system of quantitative and qualitative parameters, among which special attention is paid to the volume of tissue perfusion (BV), which allows for an objective assessment of the degree of ischemia of the pancreatic parenchyma, localization and volume of affected tissue, which makes it possible to classify the patient's condition by severity: mild, moderate or severe. An important feature is the possibility of early diagnosis and prognosis even with minimal manifestations of the disease, which contributes to prompt patient routing, timely initiation of adequate treatment and, as a result, a reduction in the risk of death.

Conclusion. Perfusion CT in the early stages of acute pancreatitis has high sensitivity and specificity (95.8 and 100.0 % respectively) for assessing the severity of the disease and predicting pancreatic necrosis, allowing for the detection of ischemia and necrosis zones based on blood flow levels. The introduction of a patented algorithm ensures rapid patient routing, timely initiation of therapy, and increased diagnostic objectivity, which helps reduce the number of complications and fatal outcomes.

Objective. To evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of radiography and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in detecting complications after reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Materials and Methods. The study included data from 40 patients who underwent reverse shoulder arthroplasty and subsequently underwent both radiography and MSCT in the postoperative period. The analysis focused on the frequency and nature of postoperative complications, including aseptic component loosening, scapular notching, periprosthetic resorption, periprosthetic fractures, and glenoid vault perforation.

Results. It has been established that MSCT makes it possible to visualize pathological changes with high accuracy, including in the early stages, and serves as an important tool in the formation of clinical and diagnostic tactics.

Conclusion. Based on the data obtained, recommendations were formulated for the inclusion of MSCT in the standard protocol of postoperative monitoring of patients.

Aim. The aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic possibilities of using artificial intelligence in ultrasound diagnostics for detecting congenital malformations of the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and abdominal organs of the fetus in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Materials and Methods. In the course of work to evaluate the possibilities of using artificial intelligence in prenatal ultrasound diagnostics in the detection of congenital malformations of various systems and organs, an ultrasound examination of 371 patients was performed in the second trimester of pregnancy. The materials were collected, images were processed, the main anatomical structures were graphically highlighted, the neural network model was «trained» to «recognize» anatomical landmarks and form an instrumental diagnosis of the type «norm» and «not norm».

Results. 1484 echograms were obtained and graphically isolated with visualization of fetal brain structures in axial section, heart in a four-chamber section and vessels in a three-vessel section, as well as abdominal organs in a transversely abdominal section. The neural network model was «trained» using ultrasound images with a normal anatomical structure of these areas of structures, as well as with pathologically altered ultrasound images.

Conclusion. The use of artificial intelligence in modern prenatal ultrasound diagnostics in the detection of congenital malformations of the fetus in the second trimester of pregnancy can make it possible to form an instrumental diagnosis of the type «normal» and «not normal» with sufficiently high accuracy.

Aim. The choice of surgical treatment method and the prognosis of its effectiveness in urolithiasis depends on the MSCT characteristics of the stone: localization, size, density. In the literature, a CT parameter of a concretion, its volume, is proposed as a promising predictor of the success of surgical intervention. This study examines approaches to volumetry of urinary stones using software and artificial intelligence.

Materials and Methods. The most relevant and cited studies, fundamental work on the automated determination of the volume of concretion, current clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of ICD, posted in scientifi databases in the public domain, have been studied.

Results. Modern approaches to automated volumetry of kidney and ureter calculi are analyzed, and the practical significance of the results of measuring lithological volume by software and artificial intelligence algorithms is demonstrated.

Conclusion. Automated methods of volumetry of urinary stones according to computed tomography exceed the accuracy of the results of the calculation of the lithological volume by a radiologist. The use of software and artificial intelligence methods can improve the diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of measurements in patients with urolithiasis, and optimize the work of radiation diagnostics departments.

The purpose of the study. To familiarize medical professionals with the possibilities of the new method of densitometry REMS used in the diagnosis of osteoporosis and risk assessment of low-energy fractures.

Materials and methods. The search and selection of publications was carried out on the basis of PubMed, eLibrary, and official websites of international and national medical organizations from 2004 to 2025.

Results.Theliteraturereviewpresentsdataonradiofrequencyechographicmultispectrometry, a new promising ultrasound method used to evaluate quantitative parameters of bone tissue in the lumbar vertebrae and proximal femoral bones, and to determine the risk of fractures. Studies conducted in a number of countries have demonstrated a high degree of consistency between the results obtained using radiofrequency echographic multispectrometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, which gave reason to recommend a new technique for clinical use in patients with osteoporosis and low bone mass. The authors of the review analyze the practical results, advantages, and unresolved issues of using the new densitometry method.

Conclusions. Radiofrequency echographic multispectrometry is a promising new highly effective method of densitometry, necessary for wider implementation in the diagnosis of osteoporosis and risk assessment of low-energy fractures. At the same time, the comparatively limited application experience requires continued research aimed at studying its advantages and disadvantages in comparison with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Introduction. The past half-century has been marked by rapid advances in digital technologies and their integration into multiple areas of human activity, including medicine. One of the most dynamically evolving fields is volume (three-dimensional) ultrasonography, which offers substantial advantages over conventional 2D-imaging by providing novel insights into the nature and pattern of fetal central nervous system (CNS) anomalies.

Objective. To analyse the scientific literature on the application of volume ultrasonography and subsequent processing of three-dimensional ultrasound data files for the assessment of the fetal CNS during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Materials and Methods. A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, eLibrary, the Cochrane Library, UpToDate, MEDLINE, and Embase for the period 2011–2024. A total of 42 sources were reviewed.

Results. Current data demonstrate the potential of first-trimester ultrasonography for the early detection of fetal CNS anomalies, highlighting the diagnostic capabilities of threedimensional imaging.

Conclusions. Published evidence underscores the relevance and clinical value of volume ultrasonography, particularly the subsequent utilisation of three-dimensional ultrasound data files, for the investigation of the fetal CNS in the first trimester of pregnancy.