The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic capabilities of digital mammography and tomosynthesis in the diagnosis of post-traumatic breast changes. The study included 80 patients in the age category from 40 to 83 years with various injuries of the breast in history. The study revealed the main advantages of the combined mode using the tomosynthesis technique over digital mammography. The use of the combined mode (2D + 3D) contributes to conducting additional examination (including interventional radiology methods), since the modified part of the breast is visualized in volume, which allows you to correctly diagnose and determine the optimal patient management tactics. The introduction of the tomosynthesis technique into the patient’s examination algorithm with a history of breast trauma facilitates differential diagnosis of the changes identified by the results of digital mammography.

The features of visualization of ribs cartilages in the differential diagnosis of lesions with changes in age genesis are described. As a result of the observation, the high information content of ultrasound scanning in differential diagnostics was noted, the features of visualization of rib cartilage structures in people of different ages were determined.

The article aims to determine the diagnostic significance of calcinates in the projection of extracranial sections of the brachiocephalic arteries (BCA) identified by preventive digital fluorography. Digital fluorograms of 327 patients over 50 years of age were analyzed, with special attention paid to the description of the soft tissues of the neck in the projection of BCA. All patients with identified calcinates underwent ultrasound dopplerography of extracranial parts of the BCA. In a detailed analysis of digital fluorograms in 31 patients, calcinates in the BCA projection were visualized in the images. They had different saturation, configuration and length. In 61,3 % of cases, the presence of atherosclerotic calcified brachiocephalic arteries was confirmed by ultrasound dopplerography of extracranial BCA. Signs of hemodynamically significant stenosing atherosclerosis of brachiocephalic arteries with local stenosis up to 80 % were revealed in 17 patients. It is concluded that the use of this method is quite applicable for early diagnosis of asymptomatic atherosclerosis of extracranial sentions of BCA. The high diagnostic significance of calcinates visualized in the projection of brachiocephalic arteries was revealed.

The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of mammographic features of breast cancer, as a possible predictor of long-term outcome. 112 breast cancer patients were included in the study. Pathologic findings on mammography were assessed using the modern classification of L. Tabar. All patients underwent a core biopsy with subsequent histological examination. In the preoperative period, breast MRI with contrast enhancement was performed. An analysis of the data and the search for correlations between the radiographic characteristics breast cancer, the tumor grade and presence of peritumoral edema on breast MRI was performed. According to the analysis, the youngest age in the group of ductal adenocarcinomas was determined in patients with fragmented casting calcifications - 29 years. In the group of ductal carcinomas, in 33 % of cases were observed mammographic pattern 4 according to classification of L. Tabar and in 11 % of cases there was a pattern 5, while in the group of patients with fragmented casting calcifications pattern 4 was detected in 80 % of clinical observations. The proportion of patients with a high Grade tumors in the casting type was 80 %. Only in the group of patients with fragmented castings calcifications in 51 % of cases peritumoral edema on the breast MRI was observed. Fragmented casting type calcifications are a pathognomonic sign of a low-grade, ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast that occurs at a younger age and associated with the pattern 4 of breast structure by L. Tabar classification and also a predictor of peritumoral edema on breast MRI, thus can be an independent negative prognostic factor.

The study aims to quantify the DECT data for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCR), metastases, hemangiomas, and simple cysts. Quantitative assessment of the data of iodine maps (concentration of iodine in the focus, normalized concentration of iodine in the focus on aorta and liver parenchyma) was carried out and evaluation of the virtual spectral curves of the lesions was performed. Statistical analysis of the results showed that all methods for quantitative assessment of DECT data in liver foci allow to distinguish cyst from hemangioma and from malignant tumor (metastases and HCR nodes). Furthermore, it is possible to distinguish hemangioma from cyst and from malignant tumor (metastases and nodes of hepatocellular cancer). However it is impossible to distinguish the nodes of hepatocellular cancer and metastasis between themselves.

The article is devoted to determining the influence of the quality of the implementation of standard mammographic styling by the X-ray technician on the breast examination process. A retrospective analysis of 1000 survey mammograms (both analog and digital, performed in different hospitals of the Russian Federation) of patients in the age group of 39-80 years old, without clinical manifestations of the pathological process in the breast. The most significant methodological errors of the nursing staff of the mammography office, which lead to the appointment of a re-examination, additional projections and auxiliary techniques and an increase in the number of false-negative results and interval crayfish, are identified.

Degenerative stenosis of cervical level of spinal canal occurs in 4,9 - 9 % among the adult population and are caused by the progressing cervical osteochondrosis. Cervical osteochondrosis dominates in the structure of morbidity of the adult population and is defined by the high frequency of disablement and incapacitation. Over the past few decades the capacities of the diagnostics of spinal canal stenosis significantly increased. Modern methods of neuroimaging help to differentiate the changes in spinal canal structures and to determine the degree of compression of vascular and neural spinal canal structures, to assess epidural and liquor space of spinal cord. Further studying of the degree of spinal canal stenosis with assessment of the reserve spaces state, studying remote results of the treatment and determination of the correlation of neurological disorders with stenosis allows us to predict the course of degenerative processes and to choose optimal algorithms for conservative and surgical treatment tactics.

Diagnosis of the hip joint pathology remains an urgent problem of childhood and adolescence. A wide range of pathologies, including dysplastic, dystrophic, inflammatory, tumor, oncological and post-traumatic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, leads to the continuous improvement of methods and techniques of radiation diagnosis [12]. The results of treatment are directly dependent on the stage of detection of the pathological process, which in turn helps prevent disabling consequences. According to Rosstat, in the structure of hip joint diseases in children and adolescents, the proportion of Legg - Calve - Perthes disease is 15 % [9]. Standard radiography of the hip joints in direct projection and Lauenstein is the main method for the diagnosis of aseptic necrosis. Destructive changes of the head and neck of the femur are reliably determined. However, the presence of a X-ray negative pattern in the first stage of the disease and the impossibility of detailed visualization of all the anatomical structures of the hip joint, dictates the need to improve the diagnostic algorithm for such a formidable pathological process.

Paratonsillitis is a life-threatening condition that can lead to purulent-septic complications (purulent meningitis, thrombosis of the pterygoid venous plexus and cavernous sinus, jugular veins, mediastinitis). The article presents a clinical case of diagnosis and treatment of peritonsillar abscess with tendency to spread into the upper mediastinum. The scheme of complex clinical and radiological examination of the patient, which allows to choose the most optimal treatment is presented.