At the present stage of the development of maxillofacial surgery, the treatment of patients with defects in the auricles is one of the most difficult. Defects of the auricles, characterized by its absence, are divided according to the etiological factor into two main groups: congenital (microtia) and acquired (as a result of injuries of various origins). Microtia (including anotia the complete absence of the auricle) is a malformation of the auricle and the external auditory canal caused by anomalies of the first and second zygomatic arch and the first sulcus.
Congenital malformations of the auricle occur in 1 out of 700–15 000 newborns and more often have a right-sided localization. In 15 % of cases, they are hereditary, and in 85 % they are sporadic, in boys they are detected on average 2–2,5 times more often than in girls.
Currently, much attention is paid to the prosthetic reconstruction of the auricle with fixation by means of cranial intraosseous implants. At the same time precise diagnostics of the state of the temporal bones in the area of the proposed implantation and the correct positioning of the intraosseous supports are the basis of an effective fixation system. Among the methods of radiological diagnostics used for planning ectoprosthetics of the auricles, radiography has long been preferred. However, the introduction of computed tomography into clinical practice has provided a high-quality assessment of the temporal bones state, which has increased the efficiency of surgical intervention planning and treatment.

The aim of the study: to identify features of extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries vessel wall MRI in norm and pathology using layer-by-layer analysis of the arterial wall components. MRI results were compared at the same anatomical level with data of ultrasound examination of vertebral arteries in patients with giant cell arteritis and in health individuals. It was revealed that in normal arteries MRI signal from the vessel wall mainly formed by vascularized adventitia and venous plexuses. Media and intima visualization becomes possible in cases of their pathological transformation. Thus, it was defined which structures of the vessel wall take part in MRI signal forming in health individuals and patient with pathology. Also MRI patterns of different stages of large arteries vasculitis were identified.

Chemoradiotherapy, along with following surgical treatment, including total mesorectal excision, is a current standard for treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy allows to downsize the tumor, up to complete clinical response in one third of all cases, which, in turn, allows increase in sphincter preserving operations, disease-free period and overall survivability. Derivatives of 5-fluoracil are used as basic chemotherapeutic agents. These drugs have a substantial amount of side effects, which lead to either plan corrections, or may even prevent its completion. Thus, search for new ways to increase chemotherapy agent in the tumor cells with reduction of systemic toxicity to improve neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy results is an acute task for modern medicine. In this article authors suggest intrarectal application of sterile hydrogel material based on sodium alginate with incorporated 5-fluoracil as a method of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

During the course of this experimental study tomograms of extracted teeth were analyzed before and after filling the root canals with an endodontic material and fragments of broken metal instruments for root canal treatment. During the first stage of the experiment, untreated extracted teeth were scanned using conebeam computed tomography and microfocus cone-beam computed tomography. A comparative assessment of capabilities of the two methods of cone-beam computed tomography based on examination of untreated root canals was carried out. The second part of the study is dedicated to visualization of root canals that contain foreign high-density materials.

Currently the relationship between liver diseases and glucose metabolism disorders is being studied. To characterize the negative impact of the mechanisms of insulin resistance on the liver parenchyma altered due to cirrhosis, we can use CT-perfusion of the liver — a method that allows us to assess hemodynamic disorders in the liver tissue. During the pilot study, it was found that the values of arterial perfusion and hepatic perfusion index in patients with compensated cirrhosis of the liver in the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus were statistically significantly higher than in the absence of this pathology (p = 0,007 and p = 0,009 respectively). The values of portal and total perfusion in patients with compensated cirrhosis of the liver in the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus were significantly lower than in the absence of this pathology (p < 0,001 and p = 0,007 respectively). CT-perfusion of the liver can be used in patients with compensated cirrhosis and the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the anamnesis as a non-invasive method of instrumental diagnosis of hemodynamic changes, including in assessing the progression of portal hypertension and the subsequent detection of concomitant complications.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) defined by wall thickness ≥ 15 mm in one or more left ventricular myocardium segments, according to the results of any imaging technique that is not explained solely due to increased pressure load. For decades, echocardiography has been the first-line method in the diagnosis of HCM. This is due to its availability, low cost, and informative content. However, due to the high spatial resolution and volumetric nature of image acquisition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has advantages over other diagnostic techniques. Currently, cardiac MRI is becoming the method of choice in diagnostics and management in patients with HCM. This article presents the possibilities of MR imaging in patients with HCM and demonstrates the typical phenotypes and some morphological characteristics of HCM according to our research protocols conducted on a MR scanner with a 1,5 T magnetic field strength. In addition, the article shows the clinical significance of MRI for the management of patients with HCM.

Cervical spondylolysis is a fairly rare clinical phenomenon that is mostly asymptomatic. The article describes a case of detection of bilateral cortical defects of pars interarticularis at the level of the CVI vertebra. Methods of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used for a comprehensive assessment of morphological changes.