The article presents a review of the literature and a comparative analysis of the methods of radiation diagnostics of osteomyelitis in children. Active improvement of devices and research methods for more effective diagnosis of diseases continues. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can provide specialists with the necessary diagnostic information, and its use will reduce the radiation exposure received by patients during the study. This publication demonstrates 2 clinical cases where CBCT was chosen as the diagnostic method. These observations will demonstrate the possibilities of CBCT in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis and dynamic monitoring in children and adolescents.

In the process of evaluating X-ray diagnostic images of the jaw bones of dental patients, foci of altered bone structure and atypical intraosseous inclusions of increased density are often found. The identified inclusions have different etiology, but at the same time a similar and in some cases implicit scialogical picture, which may cause an incorrect radiological conclusion. When analyzing the available literature, limited information was found about the typical radiosemiotic signs of dense intraosseous inclusions of the jaw bones found in everyday medical practice.

This article presents the X-ray morphological and clinical picture of three cases of Burkitt’s lymphoma in HIV-infected patients. Burkitt’s lymphoma is a very aggressive B–cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and the fastest growing tumor. In view of this, it is a medical problem, since untimely diagnosis of this tumor leads to a high frequency of relapses, which means an unfavorable prognosis.

The aim of this work is to evaluate diagnostic value of liver non-contrast perfusion in prediction of visceropathies (sialadenitis and hepatic encephalopathy) in patients with diffuse liver diseases (DLD). Clinical and laboratory data (including the Raitan test), results of MRI with non-contrast MR perfusion (ASL-perfusion) of the liver and brain MRI with assessment of the head and neck soft tissues were estimated in a group of patients with DLD. Potentials of assessment of ASL liver perfusion for hepatic encephalopathy and sialadenitis prediction are described in the article. Based on the clinical and laboratory data and results of histopathological analysis of salivary gland biopsies, it was established that sialadenitis in patients with DLD is the result of disturbance of macroorganism resistance; sialadenitis in this context is the inflammatory process of the gland with acinuses atrophy signs, in MRI it forms pictures of the gland enlargement without visible macrostructure changes. The study showed that the integrated approach to observation of patients with DLD (radiologist + gastroenterologist / infectious disease specialist + otorhinolaryngologist / dentist) helps correct of patient monitoring tactics timely and effective.

The article considers the legal basis for the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in domestic health care. Radiation diagnostics is one of the first areas of medicine where AI is being introduced to analyze radiographs and form draft conclusions for the examination. Due to the opaqueness of the decision­making process («black box effect») and high error rate, the level of trust of specialists and patients in innovations remains low. In this connection, there is an objective need to create effective legal mechanisms that provide for measures of responsibility for erroneous AI decisions, protecting the rights of doctors and patients in the operation of these programs.

Infectious endocarditis (IE) in HIV-infected users of injecting drug is manifested by a predominant lesion of the tricuspid valve (TV), and the causative agent of the disease is Staphylococcus aureus. A feature of the course of IE TV in this category of patients are multiple septic embolisms in the small circulatory circle, the source of which may be floating vegetation and the predominance of pulmonary symptoms over cardiac.

This article presents a clinical case demonstrating the possibilities of MRI of the pelvic under the assumption of a histological variant of a prostate tumor. The main MR-patterns of the ductal adenocarcinoma, as well as the variants of their occurrence are considered. The authors present an analysis of data of differential diagnosis of various histological variants of prostate cancer.