Radiography, Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were used to examine 168 patients with lower limb shortening, bone deformity at different stages of limb lengthening using transosseous distraction osteosynthesis with the Ilizarov apparatus. Based on the findings an algorithm for examination of patients with limb shortening and deformity was improved and added at different stages of treatment. The algorithm must include standard polypositional radiography with data processing if needed, using software for quantitative assessment of optical density, updated MSCT and MRI techniques. Indications for MSCT were preoperative measurement of bone density, evidently impaired architectonics; and delayed consolidation, cysts and areas of low density in the regenerate bone during treatment. MRI should be produced after removal of the frame in patients with lengthy fixation period, with the purpose of assessing degree of bone restructuring at the distractional regenerate bone and quality of new bone to plan a programme of rehabilitation.

The article presents the state of the art capabilities of the technology of microfocus shooting and the X-ray diagnostic devices target and panoramic type ≪Pardus-02≫ family, allowing to conduct mass screening X-ray research of the dentition of conscripts. The results of X-ray analysis performed by 300 young conscripts, and showed high diagnostic capabilities of panoramic microfocus intraoral X-ray study of dentition in the screening diagnostics of nidus of chronic odontogenic infection and evaluation of the dental status of conscripts, as well as study the use of X-ray findings in the identification of the individual. The suggested diagnostic algorithm makes it possible to optimize the process of screening X-ray examination of dentition of conscripts.

The purpose of the review is to analyze scientific information on clinical and beam diagnosis of degenerative diseases and injuries of the cervical spine. Used traditional qualitative method and content analysis for the study of 316 sources of scientific information, of which 77,5 % during the last 5 years. We selected 2 groups for the content analysis: 1) common clinical signs in syndromic contour of diseases and injuries of the spine, 2) beam diagnosis of spinal pathology. Defined a meaningful unit of analysis. In the literature quite fully consecrated to different aspects of modern methods of beam diagnostics of diseases and injuries of the spine (101 (32 %) domestic and 111 (35,1 %) from foreign sources), and their clinical manifestations (63 (19,9 %) and 41 (13 %) sources respectively). The majority of publications is devoted to the comprehensive assessment of patients (72 (34 %) of the source), sufficient attention is paid to methods of CT and MR tomography, ultrasonic research (39 (18,4 %), 38 (17,9 %) and 43 (20,3 %) respectively) and the lowest number of publications covering the Х-rays (20 (9,4 %) of sources). The use of content analysis allows for a quantitative evaluation of available scientific information and highlight the most promising directions in the diagnosis.

The article discusses the possible application of tomosynthesis for research of the musculoskeletal system in children and adolescents. It is shown that the method of tomosynthesis according to number of characteristics exceeds not only radiography, but computed tomography also. The method is already used for diagnostics of various diseases of the musculoskeletal system: tumors, tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis and other. However, in pediatric practice it is rarely used. The use of tomosynthesis for diagnosis of musculoskeletal system diseases in children and adolescents has significant prospects.

The review analyzed the use of different radiological methods for diagnostics of adrenal mass lesions in children, described by their capabilities, strengths and weaknesses. Most usual malignant tumors are described, which are neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma and adrenocortical carcinoma, the rules and standards for their staging are described. The key points related to the clinical manifestations of lesions of the adrenal glands are present,the statistics on the frequency of detection is also accumulated including the comparison to adult patients and on the successful treatment. Some data crucial to differential diagnosis about cystic, hemorrhaging and infectinal adrenal masses is present.

The rare clinical observation of invagination of the distal part of intenstinal due to pseudopolip is presented. The abilities of the radiology methods (such as enterography, irrigoscopy, sonography and computer tomography) in diagnostic of invaginates have been demonstrated. All the radiology studies (except enterograhy discovered solid formation in projection of ileocecal valve. Invagination was not inconceivable during ultrasonic investigation. The convincing signes of ileum invagination into colon were revealed only in computer tmography. During surgery the cause of intussusception was recognised as colon cancer although according to the date of histological examination pseudopolyps (probably due to the inverted diverticulum) was diagnosed.

Torsion of the greater omentum is a rare cause of acute abdomen in childhood. Most patients present with acute right lower quadrant pain, and they are usually misdiagnosed as having appendicitis. Torsion of the greater omentum was seldom diagnosed preoperatively and usually diagnosed only on exploratory surgery for presumed acute appendicitis or similar abdominal emergency. Its cause is not clear, and it can be classified as secondary only when the cause of torsion is found; otherwise, it is considered of unknown origin (primary). We present a case of omental torsion diagnosed preoperatively (a 9-year-old boy presented with moderate, isolated, right flank pain, which had developed over 4 hours) by the characteristic whirl sign and a hyperechogenic image 6 cm along its long axis, which was ovoid, homogeneous and located in the right flank under the abdominal wall and treated by laparoscopic surgery. The results of the sonography and the short review of the literature is present.