Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a recognized marker of coronary atherosclerosis. It is frequently detected on chest computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the coronary calcium scoring values obtained with gated CT and with non-gated standard and low-dose chest CT. 425 consecutive patients prospectively studied with non-gated chest CT: 214 patients with the standard CT protocol and 211 patients with the low-dose one. Values of Agatston calcium score and stratification of patients into five calcium score risk categories were compared with the reference data from gated cardiac CT group. The correlation between CAC scores obtained with gated and non-gated CT was high (r = 0,977 for standard CT and 0,988 for low-dose CT). It remained high after exclusion from analysis the values of CAC score = 0 (r = 0,975 and 0,986, resp.). Categorization of patients into the five calcium score risk groups was also high for the both chest CT protocols (kappa 0,877 and 0,892, resp.). The study shows that analysis of CAC and the risk stratification of the screened patients is feasible with help of non-gated chest CT.

The article presents a clinical case of the creation and preoperative planning of a surgical manual on a personified biventricular 3D model of the heart. A technique has been developed for MR scanning of a patient and obtaining DICOM images suitable for creating a 3D model. Algorithms for segmentation of MR images, obtaining a digital 3D model, its processing and preparation for printing on a printer are also described. The obtained biventricular 3D model of the heart was used by the medical team to select the method of plastic surgery, to plan the stages of surgical intervention and to develop appropriate skills. The patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and resection of the left ventricular aneurysm under cardiopulmonary bypass. The total operation time was 3 hours 40 minutes, cardiopulmonary bypass - 92 minutes, aortic clamping time - 66 minutes. Pathological changes in the manufactured 3D model visually coincided with intraoperative results. On the basis of MR images it is possible to create 3D model of the heart in patients with post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm for preoperative plastic surgery planning.

The aim of the study was to assess the sensitivity of MRI in preoperative measurement of the extent of breast cancer (BC), determine the presence or absence of correlation with standard and postoperative large-section histological examination. 169 patients were divided into 2 groups according to the modern X-ray classification L. Tabar. All patients underwent a core biopsy with subsequent histological examination. The first group consisted of 57 (33,7 %) women with tumors arising in the terminal ductal-lobular unit -acinar adenocarcinoma (AAB) unifocal and multifocal forms, and the second group - 112 (66,3 %) women with types of ductal adenocarcinoma in situ (in situ/DAB) and ductal adenocarcinoma in situ associated with the acinar form of breast cancer (AAB - DAB). Pathologic findings on mammography were assessed using the modern classification of L. Tabar. Standard and large section histology were used after surgery. The results of tumor size evaluation according to the large-section histological examination and MRI of the breast in women with breast cancer originating in the main duct (DAB) were characterized by good comparability. Estimates of the size of the tumor of acinar origin, both unifocal and multifocal forms, obtained with the standard histological examination, were significantly lower (81,8 % of cases). Extent of breast cancer originating in the main ducts preoperatively measured by breast MRI correlates with data from a large-section histology study. Large-section histology allows to more accurately assess the correlation of histological and diagnostic methods, reducing the number of repeated surgical interventions.

The purpose of present study was to identify structural defects and evaluate the dentine mineral density and dentine porosity of extracted XLHR primary teeth compare to a healthy peer. The data were obtained using a microtomograph SkyScan 1172 (Bruker, Belgium), with following scanner settings: voltage 100 kV; resolution 15,8 and 2 μm. Quantitative assessment of morphometric parameters was carried out using specialized software. The scan revealed significant dentine hypomineralization in XLHR patient compare to the healthy peer (p < 0,05) and significant differences in the internal structure of the samples. The average porosity of mantle dentin in XLHR patient and healthy peer was 10,1 and 3 %, respectively. The average porosity of circumpulpal dentine in XLHR patient and healthy peer was 36,3 and 6,8 % respectively. The results of the study demonstrate an obvious visual and quantitative morphostructural differences of dentine in XLHR patient which indicate serious disturbances of mineralization process. The obtained data are important for the rational clinical approach to conservative dental treatment in XLHR patient, as well, as the prognosis of endodontic treatment.

Мediastinitis in children is an extremely rare condition and presents mainly as a descending purulonecrotic process in the context of deep odontogenic inflammations in the neck. Another genesis of mediastinitis such as post-cardiac surgery complication is also very rare. Post-traumatic mediastinitis in children virtually does not occur. The disease is diagnosed on the basis of radiological imaging, CT definitely being the first choice. Ultrasound imaging is not mentioned as part of the diagnostic search algorithm. The publication presents 2 own observations of purulent mediastinitis in boys at the age of 8 (odontogenic mediastinitis) and 16 (post-traumatic mediastinitis) initially diagnosed by the ultrasound imaging with subsequent CT-confirmation. The cases were verified intraoperatively. Echograms are shown; imaging technical details are discussed, the publication is supplemented with a brief literature review.

Worldwide the studying of possibilities of automated breast ultrasonography (ABUS) in women with dense breasts is gaining popularity due to its standardization and high reproducibility. A new generation of automated ultrasound scanners demonstrates results comparable to a hand held traditional breast ultrasound. There are advantages of ABUS compared to hand held ultrasound such as high reproducibility, less operator dependence, less required radiologist time for image evaluation, the ability to record volume data on electronic devices for further dynamics assessment. Moreover, ABUS provides a unique coronal view and a relatively large field of view. ABUS can be used in addition to mammography as a basic screening ultrasound in women with dense breast tissue before the hand held specifying ultrasound.

This clinical case demonstrating the difficulties of differential diagnosis of fat necrosis in a patient with a history of breast trauma. After digital mammography with the function of tomosynthesis in the «combo» mode, were found the changes, that were suspicious of breast cancer (BI-RADS 4b), but no direct signs of malignancy were detected by ultrasound (BI-RADS 3). Additionally, dual-energy contrast spectral mammography was performed, the results were categorized as BI-RADS 3. To exclude oncopathology, a core-biopsy under stereotactic guidance was performed. A morphological picture of the inflammatory-regenerative (fat necrosis) was obtained.

Non-classified cardiomyopathy - non-compact myocardium in left ventricle - is a genetically determined myocardial failure, showing in cardiac insufficiency, rhythm abnormalities, thrombus embolization, and acute cardiac death. Diagnosing this decease has only become possible with the introduction of echocardiography into practice, which made it possible to visualize two layers of myocardium. Physical load appears to be the main factor provoking acute cardiac death and fatal arrhythmias in such patients. We present a clinical case of asymptomatic process of non-compact myocardium of the left ventricle and the timely diagnosis of this disease in a conscription-age patient.

The article describes a clinical case of autologous platelet-rich plasma in aseptic necrosis of the medial condyle of the femur. The expediency of the use of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of patients with this pathology is confirmed by the positive changes in the MRI of the knee joint 52 weeks after the start of treatment, coupled with the improvement of clinical indicators on the evaluation scales.