Authors describe main features of chest surgical pathology in AIDS-patients with opportunistic infection. Also article depicts surgical management of destructive processes of lungs and mediastinum such as chronic empyema and pleuritis. The features of the picture with multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of the examined pathology and the methods of its treatment are presented.

Osteoarthritis is the most common disease among all rheumatic disease. Orthovoltage X-ray therapy (OXRT) is the alternative method of pain syndrome treatment for degenerative inflammatory joint diseases. The techniques of OXRT were developed in 1970 years. The study aims to offer a modern scientifically grounded methods of conducting pre-treatment CT topometry for OXRT of the knee joint in the treatment of gonarthritis. From 2012 to 2015 topometry the pre-treatment carried out using specialized CT scanner in 102 patients. The article describes the methodology of the pre-treatment topometry. Using modern methods of diagnostics (MRI, ultrasound) there were able to determine the precise localization of the pathological process in the joint and calculate the optimal depth of dose delivery. So, the average value for tibiofemoral joint made up 5,7 (95 % CI: 5,0 to 6,5) cm, patellofemoral articulation in the medial along the passage of the joint space in the medial of 3,8 (95 % CI: 3.9 to 4,7) cm. These data differed from the accepted standards average depth of 3 cm. Irradiation of the knee joint must oriented to the individual dose estimation for reducing the impact on the surrounding unaffected tissue. 

Magnetic-resonance imaging plays the key role in local estimation and staging of primary detected cervical cancer and also MRI is an irreplaceable method in noninvasive assessment of cancer recurrence and continued tumor growth. Surgical and chemoradiation tactics largely depends on MRI changes of detected tumor. However, diagnostics of residual tumor remnants and local recurrence in presence of postoperative and postradiation changes appears to be rather difficult. Due to complex approach and possibility to realize different postprocessing algorithms multiparametric MRI shows sufficiently high levels of sensitivity and specificity in detection of early cervical cancer recurrence after chemoradiation therapy.

The aim of the study is to analyze the known mathematical foundations, methods and algorithms for diagnosing Alzheimer's symptoms on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The develop a new mathematical apparatus and algorithmic support for the automated computation of hippocampal parameters as one of the most informative brain structures, make a proposal for Alzheimer's disease. The developed approach is based on a sequential analysis of a series of magnetic resonance images of the sagittal projection, the iterative processing of each image for the purpose of automatic detection of the hippocampus and subsequent measurement of its volumetric characteristics and characteristics of the regions and structures of the brain adjacent to the hippocampus. At the final step of the proposed approach, the vector of geometric linear and volumetric parameters of the hippocampus and adjacent regions is transferred to the neural network procedure for analyzing and deciding whether the hippocampus meets the norm or the presence of signs of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the approach of automatic detection, calculation of parameters and formation of the assumption about the presence or absence of Alzheimer's disease, the novelty of which is a completely automatic process of calculations and decision making, is simultaneously proposed, while providing the accuracy of localization of the hippocampus and measuring its characteristics, areas used as a feature space for decision-making on the detection of a disease or health condition of the patient; The significance of the approach being developed lies in the subsequent construction of a specialized domestic software product that allows automatic and automated analysis of MRI images of the brain in the interests of timely detection of Alzheimer's disease and instrumental evaluation of the dynamics of its development.

Magnetic resonance imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of breast cancer (BC). The study of semiotic and kinetic criteria of the breast dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a number of features specific for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In our range of patients, MR-picture of the DCIS is characterized by areas of high signal intensity, with no clear-cut contour and non-arranged center (nonmass): segmental, regional, diffuse increased of the signal intensity. The combination of the features such as type III dynamic curve, high signal intensity is met in G3 DCIS and microinvasive cancer. These symptoms could be prognostic criteria of more malignant version of intraductal lesions in the breast tissue. To confirm the results, further studies are needed with a large number of patients.

Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome of skeletal muscle cell damage that leads to the release of potentially toxic muscle cell components into the systemic circulation. This disorder may result in potential life-threatening complications such as acute myoglobinuric renal failure, hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest, disseminated intravascular coagulation. We report a case of a 15-year-old male suffering from rhabdomyolysis caused by virus. Sonography revealed hyperechoic areas within the multiple muscles examined, consistent with a recent injury. The volume of the striated muscle increased; the fascia wrapping the muscle showed arched protrusions. The results of the echographic study and the short review of the literatureis present.