Objective. To determine the features of the radiation criteria of chronic generalized periodontitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Materials and Methods. 71 patients were examined with chronic generalized periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. The average age of patients was 48 ± 6.9 years. All patients underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) (n = 71), orthopantomography (n = 42).
Results. In the group of patients with seronegative RA, radiation criteria according to CBCT were more pronounced in comparison with patients with seropositive RA. Signs of a decrease in bone density according to CBCT correlated with changes in the musculoskeletal system in 68.9 % of cases in the group with seropositive RA (r = 0.954). When analyzing CBCT in assessing jaw density for patients with RA, it was found that the method is effective. In case of seropositive or seronegative RA, the lowest bone density according to CBCT is found in the structure of the upper jaw.
Conclusion. 1. In the group of patients with seronegative RA, radiation criteria according to CBCT were more pronounced compared with patients with seropositive RA (p < 0.05). 2. A decrease in bone density according to CBCT correlated with changes in the musculoskeletal system in the group with seropositive RA (r = 0.954). 3. When analyzing CBCT in assessing jaw bone density for patients with RA, it was found that the method is effective (AUROC 0.993, CI 0.958 – 0.996). 4. It was found that in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis on the background of seropositive or seronegative RA, the lowest bone density according to CBCT is found in the structure of the upper jaw.

Aim. To study the main predictor factors of the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, such as diffuse B-large cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, plasmoblastic lymphoma, in HIVpositive patients.
Materials and Methods. Within the framework of this study, the data obtained by radiation research methods in 90 HIV-positive patients who were treated in the period from 2016 to 2023 at the hematology department of the Surgut District Clinical Hospital were studied and analyzed.
All patients with suspected lymphoproliferative disease underwent computed tomography with intravenous bolus contrast.
Results. As a result of the study, when a patient at stage 4B-4B is diagnosed with HIV infection under the age of 50, has a history of oncogenic viruses (EBV infection, hepatitis C virus), an HIV viral load above 500 thousand copies /ml, accompanied by the development of generalized lymphadenopathy syndrome, first of all, it is necessary to exclude the presence of lymphomas.
Conclusion. Сomputed tomography with contrast enhancement is a highly informative and non-invasive method that allows, quite accurately, to suspect the presence of lymphoproliferative disease in the early stages, to give a complete spatial visualization of the lesion volume and additional information about the attachment of a secondary infection. In our study, we developed a general algorithm for the primary radiation diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, based on the identified predictor factors.

Diaphragmatic hernia occurs in newborns in the vast majority of cases and is diagnosed while still in utero. Cases of it delayed diagnosis are extremely rare and involve significant diagnostic difficulties, especially when there are ischemic damages to the organs that make up the hernial contents. The clinical manifestations of a strangulated diaphragmatic hernia are nonspecific, especially in young children, when adequate verbal contact is impossible.
Objective. We demonstrate the possibilities and limitations of various radial methods of examination of a child with a strangulated diaphragmatic hernia.
Materials and Methods. We present an observation of an 8-month-old child with a leftsided strangulated false diaphragmatic hernia. The child was subjected to ultrasound, radiologic examination (image in supine position in direct posterior projection), CT scan (native scan without breath-holding). Radiologic findings were compared with the intraoperative picture. Results. The history of the disease was unclear, the clinical picture was nonspecific, respiratory failure prevailed. Radiologic diagnosis was difficult because of the combined disease: pneumonia, left-sided pleuritis. The diagnosis was made at ultrasound when hollow organ fragments were visualized in the left hemithorax and confirmed by CT scanning. The child was successfully operated.
Conclusion. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in rare cases may exist asymptomatic for a long period of time and present with extremely nonspecific clinical manifestations. It is necessary to remember the possibility of the presence of previously undiagnosed diseases and developmental anomalies when performing chest ultrasound in children, because they fundamentally affect the management of the patient.

Рurpose. To demonstrate a rare clinical case of diagnosis and treatment of the inflammatory process of the mesentery caused by a foreign body (fish bone) and to show the possibilities of multisection computed tomography with contrast and ultrasound.
Materials and methods. The results of examination and treatment of a patient with a rare foreign body, such as a slave bone, were studied. The patient's age is 56 years old.
Results. This clinical case showed the possibility of diagnosing a long-term asymptomatic presence of a foreign body in the intestine, and subsequent surgical treatment of a perforating process caused by a foreign body, namely a fish bone.
Conclusion. An important factor in the diagnosis of foreign bodies in the intestine is the complex use of anamnesis, laboratory data, ultrasound, and multi-slice CT.

Objective. Demonstration of the possibilities of ultrasound diagnosis of Undescended testis torsion (UTT) in children.
Materials and Methods. The publication presents clinical observations of UTT in small children, illustrated with echographic scans and intraoperative images.
Results. UTT is a rare urgent urological disease, accounting, according to our own data, for only 2,8% of all cases of postnatal testicular torsion. Acute ischemia is extremely dangerous for the testicle, but the clinical symptoms of the pathology are nonspecific, and surgical care may be delayed. This determines the probability of an unfavorable outcome of the disease (necrosis, testicular sclerosis), which determines not only the medical, but also the social significance of the problem. At present the only fast method of radiological imaging for UTT is ultrasonography, according to the results of which an urgent revision of the testicle is performed. At the same time, the echographic image of UTT is difficult to interpret due to the predominance of young patients, when severe soft tissue edema, structural changes in the twisted gonad and behavioral characteristics of the patient sharply complicate the examination.
Conclusion. The clinical presentation of UTT in the form of painful swelling in the inguinal region requires an emergency differential diagnosis. Clinically and echographically UTT is similar to the manifestations of a pinched inguinal hernia and destructive lymphadenitis of the inguinal region, which in some cases requires an expansion of the examination area: it is necessary to scan the abdominal cavity to assess the presence/absence of echographic symptoms of intestinal obstruction.

Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver tumor in children. It typically occurs between the ages of 6 months and 4 years. Metastasis of hepatoblastoma continues to pose a serious challenge in treatment.
Objective. To demonstrate the clinical course and radiological findings in a rare case of hepatoblastoma recurrence with combined metastatic involvement of the lung and brain in a child with normal alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels.
Materials and methods. A clinical observation of hepatoblastoma in the left lobe of the liver with metastatic involvement of the left lung and brain in a 2.5-year-old boy is presented. Comprehensive radiological diagnostics (multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) and liver biopsy under ultrasound control were performed.
Results. Radiological diagnostics revealed a metastatic lesion in the lower lobe of the left lung in the patient with hepatoblastoma, followed by the diagnosis of metastases in the frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes of the brain upon complaints of nausea and headache. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination of the biopsy material.
Conclusion. In children with diagnosed hepatoblastoma, the appearance of neurological complaints should prompt investigations of the brain to exclude the possibility of intracranial metastasis of the tumor. When metastases of hepatoblastoma are detected in the brain, it is also necessary to rule out the presence of metastases in the lungs.
It is important to note that not all recurrences of hepatoblastoma are accompanied by an increase in AFP levels, so it is necessary to evaluate the overall picture in conjunction with clinical and radiological data.