Objective. To assess the role of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in determining tumor resectability in laryngeal cancer at stages T1 and T2 for endolaryngeal resection (ELR).

Materials and methods. The study is based on the results of clinical examination of 45 patients with laryngeal cancer stages T1, T2, who were treated in the oncology department from 2020 to 2025. The average age of participants was 62 years, including 42 men (93.4%) and 3 women (6.6 %). Patients were divided into two groups: 25 (55.5 %) had stage T1 disease (tumor confined to one area without mobility impairment), while 20 (44.5 %) had stage T2 disease (tumor infiltrating adjacent structures and limiting mobility). All patients underwent multidetector computed tomography, and a form was completed to assess tumor resectability. After evaluating the tumor as resectable, endolaryngeal resection of the larynx was performed, and MSCT findings were compared with histological results.

Results. During the contrast phase in all patients of the sample, accumulation of contrast agent was observed with visualization of clear boundaries of lesion and spread to adjacent anatomical structures of larynx (in stage T2). Most patients had tumors located in the anterior third of vocal fold. The minimum values for both groups of patients according to multislice computed tomography were as follows: 1.3 mm from tumor to anterior commissure, 2.7 mm to posterior commissure, and 0.8 mm to thyroid cartilage (paraglottic space). When comparing MSCT results with histological findings after ELR, there was concordance in 42 (93.4 %) out of 45 patients with laryngeal cancer (stages T1, T2), resection margin being negative. In 3 (6.6 %) cases data did not match: preliminary diagnosis of T1 turned out false positive twice (hyperplasia cells found), while one case showed artifact changes at resection edge (false-negative result).

Conclusions.

1. MSCT is a highly informative diagnostic method for early-stage laryngeal cancer. Its sensitivity in assessing tumor resectability for both patient groups was 97.7%, accuracy — 93.3 %, predictive value of positive result – 95.4 %.
2. According to correlation analysis, moderate positive association between MSCT method and histology results was established r = 0.4 (high significance, p < 0.01).
3. To determine tumor resectability in early-stage laryngeal cancer, it is necessary to fill out malignancy evaluation form based on MSCT data before transferring information to surgeon.

This article shows the possibilities of ultrasound imaging for sequential purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area. The high information yield of this method is noted during the first outpatient visit.

Objective. To evaluate the efficiency and necessity of ultrasound diagnostics of purulentinflammatory processes in primary dental patients at the outpatient stage.

Materials and Methods. The research was done on a Philips Affiniti 70 ultrasound machine, using a standard technique using linear scanning sensors with a frequency of 5–17 MHz, using B-mode and Dopplerography.

Results. During ultrasound examination at the prehospital period, abscesses were diagnosed in 36 (48 %) patients phlegmon was found in 23 (30 %), and 16 (21 %) patients were observed with infiltrative changes, two of them had a parasite in soft tissues.

Conclusion. Ultrasound is an important method for detecting inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area at the initial outpatient appointment. The study allows you to identify fast and accurately pathological changes, determine their nature and prevalence, as well as conduct dynamic monitoring.

Aim. To examine the capabilities and prospects of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in patients with focal breast lesions.

Materials and Methods. This prospective study included 66 women aged 33 to 71 years with focal breast lesions. The diagnostic ultrasound suite included breast ultrasound in B-mode and echo-contrast mode using the Sonovue contrast agent.

Results. The mean time of contrast agent arrival and the time from the start of injection to peak accumulation in malignant breast lesions were significantly reduced by 1.6 times. Conversely, the peak intensity (PI) in malignant breast lesions increased by 1.5 times compared to the peak intensity in benign lesions. Contrast washout times increased by 1.4 times in malignant breast lesions compared to benign breast lesions. Furthermore, significantly higher peak intensities were observed in malignant breast lesions, along with an increasing slope of the TIC curve and area under the curve (p < 0.01). When analyzing the graph of the contrast enhancement time versus intensity curves, it was noted that in 88.4 % of cases of malignant focal breast lesions, the curve pattern was rapidly increasing and slowly decreasing, while in benign breast lesions, two curve patterns were observed: in 75.3 % of cases, the curve pattern was slowly increasing and rapidly decreasing, and in 17.8 % of cases, it was rapidly increasing and rapidly decreasing.

Conclusions. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a promising tool for diagnosing breast diseases in clinical practice in Russian healthcare, given its high information content, rapid procedure, and absence of radiation exposure.

Objective. To summarize and systematize data on various methods for measuring intracranial pressure (ICP) used in neurosurgery, radiology, and other research.

Materials and Мethods. We analyzed domestic and foreign scientific publications from the last 15–20 years (2000s–2020s) focusing on ICP monitoring techniques.

Results. This article analyzes various ICP assessment methods presented in the literature over the past 10–15 years. Invasive and noninvasive methods were evaluated, including ultrasound of the optic nerve and its sheaths, Doppler ultrasonography of the cerebral vessels, various brain imaging techniques, as well as less common methods such as ophthalmodynamometry and tympanometry. Sensitivity and specificity were analyzed to find the optimal single or combined methods for assessing ICP.

Conclusion. The search for a method that can noninvasively detect changes in ICP with high specificity and sensitivity is ongoing. The most promising direction is the simultaneous use of several methods with their comprehensive assessment.

Aim. Conducting a narrative review of data on the use of telemedicine technologies in prenatal ultrasound examinations.

Materials and Methods. A review of publications on remote ultrasound studies in obstetrics for the period from 1999 to 2025 has been completed. The search was conducted in the databases PubMed, eLIBRARY, and in open internet sources. During the search, 157 publications in Russian and 319 articles in English were found, of which 452 were included in the final analysis.

Results. The first publications devoted to the use of telemedicine technologies in fetal ultrasound examinations focused both on the technical feasibility of teleconsultations and on assessing their diagnostic effectiveness. The proven diagnostic effectiveness of ultrasound teleconsultations and the successful resolution of technical issues associated with their implementation enabled the implementation of large-scale telemedicine projects in a number of countries in the 2020s, aimed at improving the quality of medical care for pregnant women.

Conclusion. An analysis of publications covering the period 1999–2025, devoted to the use of telemedicine technologies in ultrasound examinations in obstetrics, indicates that prenatal ultrasound examinations conducted in the format of teleconsultations significantly improve the quality of diagnostics and facilitate the early detection of fetal malformations. Positive experiences with teleultrasound in obstetric services worldwide, as well as the availability of broadband internet infrastructure in all regions of the Russian Federation necessary for telemedicine consultations, allow us to expect the successful use of telemedicine for ultrasound examinations of pregnant women in remote and sparsely populated areas of the country.

Objective. Regarding the role of lymphoscintigraphy in the diagnosis of sentinel lymph node in a patient with malignant lesions, an oral cavity examination is performed as a result of clinical observation.

Materials and Methods. The examination results and sentinel lymph node biopsy results are presented in a patient with T1N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, identified during intraoperative detection based on the results of indirect lymphoscintigraphy, supplemented by single-photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT/CT).

Results. On the day of the surgical intervention, a lymphoscintigraphy was performed, during which the injection sites of the RFP were visualized, as well as the foci of hyperfixation located in the area of regional metastasis. These foci were located in the projection of the upper and middle jugular groups of the lymph nodes of the neck. During the surgical intervention, using a gamma detector, lymph nodes with an unchanged structure, but actively accumulating RFP, were identified. According to the results of the biopsy, malignant lesions of these lymph nodes were identified, which influenced the determination of the volume of lymphodissection.

Conclusion. Determining the exact location of a sentinel lymph node with a visually unchanged structure is an important step in staging malignant diseases, which will affect the patient's management.