The study aim was to estimate possibilities of the cone-beam computed tomography in diagnostics of the molar root system anatomy of the mandible and maxilla. The study design: we evaluated the clinical endodontic examination data, intraoral radiovisiograms and cone-beam tomograms of 240 first and second molars of the mandible and maxilla of 145 patients who were receiving endodontic treatment in the dental clinic. Interobserver agreement the experts was assessed be means of Cohen’s kappa. Diagnostic significance of the results was assessed using Student’s t-test. Results: The second root canal in the mesial root of the first upper molar was detected in 91,7 % of cases. Frequency of the 2 structure type for the root was 30 %, the type 4 — 46,6 %. 36,7 % of the second upper molars had the 2 structure type as per Vertucci for the mesial root, 46,7 % — the 4 structure type. An additional third root was identified in 5 % of the first lower molars. We found the 4 configuration type as per Vertucci for the mesial root in 43,9 % of the second lower molars, the 2 type — in 28 %. Interobserver agreement the radiologists in estimating the number of roots was perfect (k = 0,81 — 0,93; p ˂ 0,001), and it was substantial in defining the number of root canals and the type of structure (k = 0,61— 0,77; p ˂ 0,05).

Modern surgical technics and anesthesia care allow us to do radical operations from the patients with mass lesion of the liver. Quite often during the operative exploration of the liver there is a needs of the changing the volume of the operation. It evaluates the current possibilities intraoperative ultrasound investigation and its effect on the choice of the volume resection of the liver. We analyzed results of the 898 resection of the liver with the patients who were examinated and operated in a specialized hepatology center. During intraoperative ultrasound investigation studied volume, localization and size space-occupying process, there was evaluation involvement in neoplastic process vessels of the liver. Also there was implementation of marking hepatic vein for resection of the liver. We studied incidence conversion of the plan operation after results intraoperative ultrasound investigation — 17,8 %.

Along with the increased incidence of gallstone disease (GSD) it was noted an enhancement of its severe complications. One of it is intestinal obstruction, resulting from internal biliodigestive fistula formation (Mirizzi syndrome, type II) and large gallstones migration through it into the small intestine lumen. Issues relating to causes identification, clinical aspects and treatment of gallstone obstructive intestinal obturation (biliary ileus) have been studied from the middle of the XVII century. However, up to date the disease common treatment and standardized diagnosis algorithm are not developed yet, especially in elderly people and in patients with comorbidity. Comprehensive and timely application of radiodiagnostics methods allows detailed assessing of biliary tract condition, selecting optimum treatment actions, including operative intervention volume, taking into account the risk of adverse outcomes and complications. The clinical observation of the 57 years old female patient with gallstone duodenal obstruction (Bouveret syndrome) with severe comorbidities was provided in the framework of the publication. The data of clinical and laboratory studies, the results analysis of multislice computed tomography, which allowed determining the level of the small intestine obstruction, changes in the thorax and abdomen organs in dynamics are represented in the report. The considered case emphasizes the necessity for early diagnosis of GSD, scheduled cholecystectomies performing in the presence of large gall-stones before complications onset.

We present case report of 24-years old patient with painful mass in her right breast. Breast ultrasound revealed a heterogeneous encapsulated mass with inner tubular structures. Pathomorphologic examination performed and diagnosis was «hamartoma in the right breast with inflammation and lactation». Follow up breast ultrasound revealed a decrease of mass size and vascularization. This case report with review may be interesting for oncologists, gynecologists and professionals in breast imaging.

The clinical example showing difficulties of the difficulties of diagnosis of non-palpable breast neoplasm in outpatient patient with sectoral resection on the affected side in history. After a review of digital mammography with the analysis of archival images, aiming a direct digital mammography with increasing area of interest and ultrasound breast examination suspected presence of extremely suspicious in relation to breast cancer nodule (BI-RADS 4). After that ultrasound-guided core biopsy performed the modified portion, followed by morphological verification, the results is diagnosed foci of chronic inflammation, containing fragments of the suture (BI-RADS 2).

Intramural duodenal hematoma is a very rare condition, a rare cause of a proximal gastrointestinal tract obstruction. It is most frequently been reported after blunt abdominal trauma in children. There are only few cases of intramural duodenal hematoma after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Most of them are associated with coagulation disorders. We present the unusual case of spontaneous intramural duodenal hemtoma as a cause of an intestinal obstruction: a 6-year-old male with abrupt onset of abdominal pain, ausea, and vomiting. Abdominal sonographic examination revealed a great mass consistent with blood measuring 79 × 86 × 50 mm on the head of the pancreas. The duodenal obstruction was confirmed on US and MRT. The patient was treated conservatively with total parenteral nutrition and gastric decompression during 42 hours, after this he underwent laparoscopic surgery to evacuate the hematoma. The results of the sonography and the short review of the literature is present.